TGFB1 and cholangiocarcinoma: When the non-CCA group was compared to the normal group (Figure 3A–E; middle), the best cut-off values for each protein were S100A9 (197.9 ng/mL), MUC5AC (128 ng/mL), TGF-β1 (22.81 ng/mL), angiopoietin-2 (1312 pg/mL), and CA19-9 (23.50 U/mL).