Consistent with the clinical phenotypes of TGFβR3 downregulation, increased levels of plasma C5a were first detected in patients with advanced (stage III, 13.4 ng/mL ± 1.86 and IV, 13.8 ng/mL ± 3.003) compared to early (stage I/II, 7.428 ng/mL ± 1.075) tumor stage (p = 0.046) (Figure 4E). This evidence concerns the gene C5AR1 and neoplasm.