At this time, there are only two GNP systems in clinical trials for cancer: one using tumor necrosis factor-conjugated GNPs (NCT00356980 and NCT00436410 from www.clinicaltrials.gov, accessed on 24 March 2021), and one using gold nanorods for photothermal ablative therapy under the name Aurolase (NCT00848042 and NCT02680535 from www.clinicaltrials.gov, accessed on 24 March 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.