According to previous studies on the CMI response based on gE and adjuvant systems including CIA09A, gE-specific ELISPOT tests correlate well with gE-specific cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies, although Th1 CD4+ cells are adopted more frequently than CD8+ T cells as good indicators for the evaluation of zoster vaccines in animal and clinical experiments [26,47]. Here, CD4 is linked to herpes zoster.