In murine models of neurodegenerative Parkinson’s disease, the intrathecal graft of hDPSCs ameliorated behavioral deficits and dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, by upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines IL2, IL4, and TNF-β and reducing IL-1α, IL- 1β, IL6, IL8, and TNF-α pro-inflammatory ones [166]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Parkinson disease.