In a mice model of OPMD, co-delivery of two adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, the first expressing three shRNAs under the control of RNA polymerase III promoter and the second expressing wild-type human PABPN1 under the control of a skeletal and cardiac muscle-specific promoter significantly improved the histopathological features [52]. Here, PABPN1 is linked to oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.