The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors like anti-CTLA4 (ipilimumab, tremelimumab) or anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, tislelizumab, camrelizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab) antibodies has dramatically revolutionized the field of clinical oncology leading to impressing treatment responses in different human cancer types. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.