INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: While the traditional longstanding view has focused on TFA’s atherogenic effects based on a considerable body of evidence associating TFA levels with negative metabolic outcomes (e.g., worse fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, insulin resistance index) [185], more recent evidence differentiates between industrial TFA, found in processed foods, and ruminant-derived TFA, which is produced by bacterial metabolism of PUFA in ruminants’ stomach, and is correlated with decreased incidence of T2DM [173,185,186].