CXCR4 and Alzheimer disease: Among the increased proinflammatory factors in AD, HMGB1 [341], S100A8/A9 [342], complement receptor [343], Fc receptors [344], scavenger receptors [345], RAGE [346], TLRs [258], and CXCR4 [347] have all been reported to induce autophagy in the cells.