In another case-case study, Darst et al. assessed 2770 men with aggressive and 2775 men with non-aggressive prostate cancer cases from 12 international studies and found that risk for aggressive prostate cancer was associated with rare pathogenic variants in BRCA2 (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval: OR = 3.19, 1.94–5.25, p < 0.001), PALB2 (OR = 6.31, 1.83–21.68, p < 0.001), and ATM (OR = 1.88, 1.10–3.22, p = 0.02) [18]. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and Familial prostate cancer.