Five genes from the tumor-intrinsic hypoxia signature set (CXCR4, FOXO3, LDHA, NDRG1, NOS3), two genes each from the hypoxia-induced EMT (EFEMP2 and MGP), and 2 genes from directional migration signatures (MAP3K3 and PIK3R3) were associated with poor patient survival from the TCGA—breast carcinoma dataset (Figure 7A). Here, NDRG1 is linked to breast carcinoma.