For example, our previous studies demonstrated that PVECs from PAH patients or Egln1Tie2Cre mice which develop spontaneous PH [7,8], secrete multiple angiocrine factors including CXCL12, PDGF-B, ET-1, and MIF, which induced the expression of proliferation specific transcriptional factor forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) and proliferation of SMCs. This evidence concerns the gene EDN1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.