Moreover, LPS induced the secretion of many more immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, CCL11/EOTAXIN, FGFb, GM-CSF, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, PDGF-bb, VEGF, IL-10, and IL-1RA) in healthy and VEO-IBD-derived macrophages. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.