In healthy C16 macrophages, LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, CCL5/RANTES, IFN-γ, CXCL10/IP-10, and G-CSF were highly decreased after IL-10 stimulation, which was in stark contrast to VEO-IBD patient-derived macrophages (Figure 3g). Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.