An injectable cryogel vaccination which delivers the immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide and GM-CSF together with leukemia-related antigens induced a sound anti-leukemic immunity including DC activation which prevented treated AML-bearing mice from leukemic engraftment and eradicated established leukemia when administered together with chemotherapy [157]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and leukemia.