ATF3 and cancer: Examples include five genes that are associated primarily with anti-cancer activity (CXCL10, MICA, FPR2, CASP5, and CASP7), three genes that are associated with both anti-cancer and anti-microbial activity (OAS1, ATF3, and IFIT3), and four genes that are associated primarily with the defense response to viruses and bacteria (CCL4L1, IL1B, ANKRD22, and TLR4).