HPSE and chronic kidney disease: Heparanase plasmatic levels are upregulated in chronic kidney disease patients [87], and several works have proved that heparanase is a central player in regulating the development and progression of renal fibrosis by modulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of proximal tubular cells in diabetic conditions and after ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) [88,89,90,91].