Patients were provided with capsules containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifigum, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus fermentum. Results showed favorable impact on MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) score but just few changes on the metabolic profiles (i.e., high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood glutathione, malondialdehyde, and insulin metabolism) [253]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Parkinson disease.