CHGA and hypertensive nephropathy: Still, it is important to note that several studies showed a strong association of renal failure with high levels of CST’s precursor chromogranin A. Moreover, a recent study even determined an association of a chromogranin A gene polymorphism with hypertensive renal disease [54,55,56,57], while the study by Chen Y. et al. showed that chromogranin A, although considered a regulator of catecholamine storage and release, also appears to have a role in endothelial function and cell actions in the glomeruli [58].