CCK and Cowden disease: A further study [118] investigating postprandial gut hormone levels and gastric emptying as assessed by 13C-octanoic acid breath test, in response to a standardized breakfast meal in moderately active CD patients (n = 13) (4 ileal, 4 colonic, and 5 ileal-colonic), in active UC patients (n = 10), and diverticulitis patients (n = 7) found a 3-fold increase in postprandial plasma CCK levels compared with controls and was associated with delayed gastric emptying.