AKT1 and Insulin resistance: Oleanolic acid (triterpenoid, abundant in Olive leaf) preserves viability and functionality of pancreatic islets, reduces insulin resistance, and protects against diabetic complications by repressing hyperlipidemia, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) production andpolyol pathway, by stimulating PKB/Akt pathway, blocking Nf-κB and by inducing Nrf-2-mediated gene expression of GPx, SOD and phase II detoxification enzymes in β-cells, liver and kidney (reviewed in [58]).