CXCL13 and Alzheimer disease: In conclusion, our study (i) indicates that microglial cells undergo morphological and functional changes in AD brains which most probably overtake the M1/M2 dichotomy; (ii) reveals an unprecedented association between AD and CXCL13; (iii) suggests that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia may affect several neuropathological and biochemical features of AD and may modulate the clinical/neuropathological picture of the disease; (iv) provides a potential basis to stratify patients according to their neuroinflammatory profile.