SMAD3 and ovarian carcinoma: accessed 21 February 2021) [34], there was a significant correlation between the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and smad2 mRNA (Pearson’s R = 0.33, p < 0.001) and smad3 mRNA (Pearson’s R = 0.31, p < 0.001) in ovarian cancers.