TXNIP and Alzheimer disease: Several studies have revealed upregulation of TXNIP in diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [8], type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) [10], cardiovascular diseases [11], ischemic stroke, and cataract [9] as well as neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [12,13].