More broadly, the ability to mass-produce airway-like monocytes using this transmigration model should open opportunities for research into the roles played by these cells in chronic lung pathologies including but not limited to CF [45,46] and in acute infection by agents such as influenza or SARS-CoV-2 [47], which are known to modulate immune effectors such as NO [48] and ISG15 [49]. This evidence concerns the gene ISG15 and cystic fibrosis.