To test this hypothesis, we investigated: (i) the efficacy of ATM and ATR kinase inhibitors on cyst growth in vitro; and (ii) the progression of cystic kidney disease in Pkd1RC/RC mice (genetic ortholog of ADPKD) with heterozygous or homozygous genetic deletion of Atm [25]. The gene discussed is ATM; the disease is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.