ATG12 and atrial fibrillation: We have observed that CACHD1 expression in AF and tumors was coordinated with overexpression of p62 but inversely correlated with the expression of autophagy markers Atg12, Atg7, and activated form of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (P-PERK), which is a transmembrane protein kinase of the PEK family [21].