In this study, coordinated overexpression of CACHD1 and intermediate filament members CK8, CK18, actin-related proteins such as SEPT9, mitochondrial proteins including prohibitins and YME1L1, and proteins involved in protein folding and unfolded protein response (e.g., CALR) were detected in AF, HCAs and HCCs of STAM and STZ control mice. Here, PHB1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.