In addition, phosphorylated form of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (P-mTOR), involved in cell growth, survival, metabolism and angiogenesis, was significantly overexpressed in the areas of CACHD1+ HCCs, but negative in surrounding livers, AF and HCAs, indicating that mTOR activation occurs lately in NASH hepatocarcinogenesis in STAM mice (Figure 2B). The gene discussed is CACHD1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.