The mean duration of the follow-up period was 50 months, and the predictive value of NAP for DKD progression was compared with other urinary markers such as UACR, three tubular markers that included L-FABP, KIM-1, and NGAL, two proinflammatory markers that included interleukin-18 (IL-18) and YKL-40, and an intrarenal RAAS marker, angiotensin. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and diabetic kidney disease.