Typically, upregulation of GPLD1 hepatic protein expression and serum level in the diabetic state was found, such as for spontaneously type I diabetic mice [75], NOD and low-dose Streptozotocin-induced diabetic CD-1 mice [54], db/db mice [76], Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice [76] and rats [77,78], and mice fed with high-fat and high-sucrose diet [76]; and for patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [79], latent autoimmune diabetes in adults [80], type 1 diabetes [80], insulin-resistance [81], and type 2 diabetes [82]. Here, GPLD1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.