The search strategy was as follows: Bladder Cancer (Condition or Disease) and PD-1 or PD-L1 or any FDA approved PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, namely pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab, avelumab or cemiplimab (Other Terms). Here, PDCD1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.