CDKN1A and liver cancer: NUPR1 expression is known to be upregulated after anticancer drug treatment (doxorubicin, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, celecoxib, and sorafenib) in breast and liver cancer cells [8,9], resulting in the downstream activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and CDKN1A/p21 phosphorylation [8,10,11].