PDCD1 and cancer: Other cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma) and hepatocellular carcinoma, also showed the positive results from several phase III studies of which combinations of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and anti-VEGF agents significantly improved clinical outcomes compared with respective standards of care [48,49,50], indicating targeting to angiogenesis is another key target for improving effectiveness of current cancer immunotherapy.