They compared their effects in two cell-based assays, targeting critical points in the inflammation pathway, namely nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), both implicated in the onset and progression of diseases associated with acute or chronic inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [15] and neurodegenerative diseases [16]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease.