TNF and Arthritis: This nanocarrier, upon i.a. administration on a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis (CFA) rat model, demonstrated a significant reduction in the joint diameter, paw volume, pain threshold and in plasma and serum levels of biomarkers (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and rheumatoid factor (RF) [57].