Notably, factors including IL-6, IL-22, IFN-β, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which activate the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway (Gene Ontology: 1904892) [57] were upregulated in the serum of the LLC-bearing mice compared to that in serum of the tumor-free control mice (Figure 4a and Figure S1). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.