The non-nutritional causes or contributing factors to anemia comprise acute and chronic parasitic infestations (e.g., malaria and infestation by soil-transmitted Helminth Schistosomiasis) and genetic disorders, such as thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and sickle cell trait. The gene discussed is G6PD; the disease is anemia (phenotype).