USP22 and papillary renal cell carcinoma: To assess this possibility, TCGA patient data were stratified based on USP22 copy number status and Kaplan–Meier survival plots (Figure 7B) determined that deep/shallow USP22 deletions are associated with significantly reduced progression-free survival relative to diploid copy number status in several cancer types, including liver hepatocellular carcinoma (5-year progression-free survival 5% with USP22 deletion vs. 38% with diploid status), endometrial cancer (50% vs. 77%) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (20% vs. 71%).