The inhibition of the CD40/CD154 axis by anti-CD154 antibodies has shown a response in around 43% (6/14) of ITP patients treated with ruplizumab (hu5c8), but only 16% (5/31) in patients treated with toralizumab (IDEC-131) [101]. Here, CD40 is linked to autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.