SAMHD1 and infection: SAMHD1 was also found to potently inhibit the infection of vaccinia virus (VACV), a member of the poxvirus family, and the α-herpesvirus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) by limiting intracellular dNTP levels through its dNTP hydrolase activity in nondividing myeloid cell lines [71,72].