IGFBP3 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: We further assessed the impact of IGFBP-3 on the metastatic activities of human HNSCC cells by utilizing orthotopic tongue tumor model of UMSCC38-shEV or UMSCC38-shBP3 in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice (Figure 2F).