Preventive studies performed in TNBS-induced colitis in rats showed that oral administration of L. fermentum CECT5716 ameliorated the inflammatory response evidenced by downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (Tnf)-α, interleukin (Il)-6, and inducible nitric oxide (iNos) [95,96]. Here, TNF is linked to colitis.