AFP and yolk sac tumor: The elevation of such markers is suggestive of a TGCT and reflects disease burden, namely disease stage and tumor size [9], but these markers overall lack the necessary sensitivity (since elevations of AFP and HCG are mostly related to the presence of specific histological elements that may be present or not in yolk sac tumor and choriocarcinoma, respectively) and specificity (since all three can be elevated in other conditions) [23].