TNF and neoplasm: Primary tumor prepares distant niches by releasing tumor-derived secreted factors, including pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)) and pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β), Interleukins (ILs)) [9,10].