Furthermore, monoubiquitination of VDAC1 is important in the regulation of apoptosis [109] and lack of monoubiquitination of VDAC1 phenocopies parkinsonism, including locomotion defects and loss of dopaminergic neurons [109], suggesting that regulation of apoptosis plays a role in disease pathogenesis. The gene discussed is VDAC1; the disease is Parkinsonism.