Based on the state-of-the-art knowledge about the antioxidant potential, the enzyme inhibitory test against acetylcholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase enzymes, the fruiting bodies, and the polysaccharides and other secondary metabolites present in them, mushrooms are potentially useful agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other related neurological diseases. The gene discussed is ACHE; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.