Binding of IL-34 to CSF1R leads to the activation of various signaling pathways such as the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 pathways, which are important for tumor development [21,22,23,24,25]. The gene discussed is IL34; the disease is neoplasm.