Neutrophil elastase production is upregulated in a variety of cancers and may be responsible for several stages of tumor progression, largely through extracellular transactivation of EGFR and MAPK, resulting in ERK activation and regulation of ERK-dependent genes responsible for proliferation [133] Additionally, cleavage of tumor suppressors EMILIN1 [134] and p200 CUX1 [135] by neutrophil elastase results in their inactivation. This evidence concerns the gene ELANE and neoplasm.