Collected preclinical evidence shows that anesthesia administration enhances the phosphorylation status of tau protein in the brain, reduces the expression of brain synaptic proteins and BDNF, and induces cognitive decline both in wild-type and AD models, including adult and aged mice; long-term neurobehavioral effects are also demonstrated when anesthesia is administered in neonatal mice. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Mental deterioration.