APEX1 and lung carcinoma: As Nrf2 and Ref-1, FOXM1 is overexpressed in different human cancers [28], particularly in lung cancers, and resulted activated by oncogenic pathways, such as those mediated by the axis Ras/MAPK/Erk [26]: induction of FOXM1 by oncogenic Ras requires ROS increase [27], so stimulating FOXM1 nuclear translocation via MAPK/Erk and thus promoting the transcriptional activity of FOXM1 [29].