Similarly, the findings of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the elastin gene (ELN), as well as in the alpha1-antitrypsin gene (AAT) [7,8] and the actin-2 gene (ACTA2) [7,9], were disappointing, since they were distributed evenly in patients with FMD but also in healthy controls and in patients with essential hypertension. Here, ELN is linked to essential hypertension.