PPARA and diabetes mellitus: Large-scale clinical studies such as the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study have demonstrated that fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist, inhibited progression of diabetic ischemic retinopathy [21,22,23].