PPARA and diabetic retinopathy: This finding was in accordance with our previous papers, showing PPARα agonists (fenofibrate or pemafibrate) directly led to induction of PPARα downstream genes in the liver (not in the retina) and led to elevation of serum levels of FGF21 to exert retinal protection in diabetic retinopathy [35] or prematurity of retinopathy [36].